![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() AIMS AND SCOPE: The conference aims to bring together researchers, practitioners, and educators with interests in bilingual learning and teaching at all levels from all around the world. The conference is organized by Research Institute for Bilingual Learning and Teaching (RIBiLT) of the School of Education and Languages (E&L) of the Open University of Hong Kong (OUHK). Unlike sojourners, non-Chinese residents who see themselves as Hongkongers often get upset as their identity claims are questioned or even challenged by the mainstream Cantonese society.īACKGROUND 2018 International Conference on Bilingual Learning and Teaching is a conference substantially funded by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (UGC/IDS16/15). Inaccuracies in tone contours often trigger laughter, damaging CAL learners' self-esteem and dampening their motivation to learn and speak Cantonese. When spoken to in Cantonese, local speakers tend to switch to English or Putonghua. With six distinctive tonemes, the Cantonese tone system appears to be a major stumbling block. Cantonese tuition, often focusing on tones, is reportedly not so helpful. Independent learning is difficult while incidental learning is almost impossible. A variety of romanization systems are used in commercially obtainable learning aid like Cantonese course books and bilingual dictionaries, which tend to diverge from romanized Cantonese in street signs and personal names. As a 'dialect', Cantonese has not been standardized and is not part of school literacy. Based on qualitative data obtained from 33 participants in four focus groups, two each in Putonghua (17) and English (16) respectively, this study shows that learners of Cantonese as an additional language (CAL) in Hong Kong experience a lot of difficulties. ![]()
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